昔格达断裂晚第四纪活动特征及强震复发周期     

卢海峰  姬志杰 《现代地质》2011,25(3)

利用冲沟、山脊等断错构造地貌的DEM影像资料和详实的野外踏勘,详细分析了昔格达断裂的晚第四纪活动特征。结果显示:断裂线两侧的河沟和山脊地貌呈"S"或反"Z"形或以多个首尾连接的"S"形雁列式斜列,断裂活动为左行左列式,断层上发育多个拉分盆地和断裂湖;该断裂最新活动时间晚于(12.83±1.09)ka,为全新世走滑活动断裂,倾滑分量不大,倾向总体西倾,且晚更新世以来的左旋走滑速率约为1.70 mm/a;依据断裂线地震遗迹及断裂活动特征,断裂强活动复发间隔大致为10~12 ka或更短。  相似文献   

A loess-paleosol record of climate and glacial history over the past two glacial-interglacial cycles (~ 150 ka), southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming     

Kenneth L. Pierce  Daniel R. Muhs  Shannon A. Mahan  Joseph M. Licciardi 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(1):119-141

Loess accumulated on a Bull Lake outwash terrace of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6) age in southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming. The 9 m section displays eight intervals of loess deposition (Loess 1 to Loess 8, oldest), each followed by soil development. Our age-depth model is constrained by thermoluminescence, meteoric ¹⁰Be accumulation in soils, and cosmogenic ¹⁰Be surface exposure ages. We use particle size, geochemical, mineral-magnetic, and clay mineralogical data to interpret loess sources and pedogenesis. Deposition of MIS 6 loess was followed by a tripartite soil/thin loess complex (Soils 8, 7, and 6) apparently reflecting the large climatic oscillations of MIS 5. Soil 8 (MIS 5e) shows the strongest development. Loess 5 accumulated during a glacial interval (~ 76-69 ka; MIS 4) followed by soil development under conditions wetter and probably colder than present. Deposition of thick Loess 3 (~ 43-51 ka, MIS 3) was followed by soil development comparable with that observed in Soil 1. Loess 1 (MIS 2) accumulated during the Pinedale glaciation and was followed by development of Soil 1 under a semiarid climate. This record of alternating loess deposition and soil development is compatible with the history of Yellowstone vegetation and the glacial flour record from the Sierra Nevada.  相似文献   

Middle and late Pleistocene glaciations in the Campo Felice Basin (central Apennines, Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carlo Giraudi  Giulia Bodrato  Nicola Cipriani  Biagio Giaccio 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(1):219-230

The present paper refers to research conducted in the tectonic-karst depression of Campo Felice in the central Apennines (Italy), in which glacial, alluvial and lacustrine sediments have been preserved. Stratigraphic interpretations of sediments underlying the Campo Felice Plain are based on evidence obtained from nine continuous-core boreholes. The boreholes reach a depth of 120 m and provide evidence of five sedimentation cycles separated by erosion surfaces. Each cycle is interpreted as an initial response to a mainly warm stage, characterized by low-energy alluvial and colluvial deposition, pedogenesis, and limited episodes of marsh formation. In turn, a mainly cold stage follows during which a lake formed, and glaciers developed and expanded, leading to deposition of glacial and fluvioglacial deposits. The chronological framework is established by eleven accelerator mass spectrometer ¹⁴C ages and three ³⁹Ar-⁴⁰Ar ages on leucites from interbedded tephra layers. These age determinations indicate five glacial advances that respectively occurred during marine oxygen isotope stages 2, 3-4, 6, 10 and 14.  相似文献   

Isotopic tracers of paleohydrologic change in large lakes of the Bolivian Altiplano   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Christa J. Placzek  Jay Quade 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(1):231-244

We have developed an ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ²³⁴U/²³⁸U, and δ¹⁸O data set from carbonates associated with late Quaternary paleolake cycles on the southern Bolivian Altiplano as a tool for tracking and understanding the causes of lake-level fluctuations. Distinctive groupings of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are observed. Ratios are highest for the Ouki lake cycle (120-95 ka) at 0.70932, lowest for Coipasa lake cycle (12.8-11.4 ka) at 0.70853, and intermediate at 0.70881 to 0.70884 for the Salinas (95-80 ka), Inca Huasi (~ 45 ka), Sajsi (24-20.5 ka), and Tauca (18.1-14.1 ka) lake cycles. These Sr ratios reflect variable contributions from the eastern and western Cordilleras. The Laca hydrologic divide exerts a primary influence on modern and paleolake ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios; waters show higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios north of this divide. Most lake cycles were sustained by slightly more rainfall north of this divide but with minimal input from Lake Titicaca. The Coipasa lake cycle appears to have been sustained mainly by rainfall south of this divide. In contrast, the Ouki lake cycle was an expansive lake, deepest in the northern (Poópo) basin, and spilling southward. These results indicate that regional variability in central Andean wet events can be reconstructed using geochemical patterns from this lake system.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地中深层混积岩储层形成机制   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

冯进来  曹剑  胡凯  陈琰  杨少勇  刘云田  边立曾  张国卿 《岩石学报》2011,27(8):2461-2472

通过岩心观测、普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针和岩石物性等分析,系统阐述了柴达木盆地典型中深层(西北区南翼山构造E₃²-N₁)混积岩的岩石学、储集空间/物性和成岩作用等特征,在此基础上讨论了储层形成机制。结果表明,混积岩以(泥质)泥晶灰岩、钙质含量较高的砂岩和粉砂岩及其混积岩为主;储集空间以溶蚀改造的裂缝和粒间溶蚀孔隙为特征,物性总体表现为低孔-特低孔、超低渗-非渗透;有利于形成储层的成岩作用是溶蚀和构造裂缝作用;储层形成机制可归纳为"岩性是基础,裂缝是条件,溶蚀是关键"。这可为区域中深层混积岩储层,乃至陆相湖泊混合沉积储层的研究与油气勘探开发提供借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

青海玉树莫海拉亨铅锌矿床S、Pb、Sr-Nd同位素组成: 对成矿物质来源的指示——兼与东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的对比   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

田世洪  侯增谦  杨竹森  刘英超  宋玉财  王富春  鲁海峰 《岩石学报》2011,27(9):2709-2720

青海玉树地区莫海拉亨铅锌矿床和东莫扎抓铅锌矿床均位于青藏高原金沙江缝合带和班公湖-怒江缝合带夹持的羌塘地体东北缘,是"三江"北段铜铅锌多金属成矿带铅锌矿床的2个典型代表。笔者曾通过对东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的S-Pb-Sr-Nd同位素组成特征研究,认为其成矿物质来源于沉积地层。本文在野外地质观察基础上,亦对莫海拉亨铅锌矿床的矿石矿物和重晶石进行了S同位素组成分析,对矿石矿物、脉石矿物和区域地层进行了Pb同位素组成分析,对脉石矿物进行了Sr-Nd同位素组成分析。分析结果表明,硫化物δ³⁴S值为-30.0‰~7.4‰,峰值为-18‰~-2‰,反映了总体富轻硫的特征,而重晶石δ³⁴S值为20.2‰~+24.2‰,来自于第三纪陆相盆地。宽的δ³⁴S变化可以解释为流体在盆地内活动期间与不同地层单元发生相互作用,从而继承了不同物质单元的S同位素特点,还原硫应主要来自于硫酸盐的细菌还原或者含硫有机质的热还原,反映硫来自沉积盆地。矿石矿物的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb分别为18.298~18.694、15.298~15.721、38.169~38.894,而脉石矿物的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb分别为18.418~18.672、15.418~15.719、38.403~38.845。矿石矿物和脉石矿物的Pb同位素组成介于区域上地壳Pb组成范围内,总体类似于MVT矿床,显示Pb等金属元素来源于上地壳岩石。脉石矿物的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i、ε_Sr(t)、(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i和ε_Nd(t)分别为0.70851~0.70906、57.4~65.2、0.512265~0.512361、-6.5~-4.6。Sr-Nd同位素特征亦显示脉石矿物的物质来源于上地壳岩石。总体来说,莫海拉亨铅锌矿床的S-Pb-Sr-Nd同位素特征均与东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的一样,显示均来自沉积地层。并结合矿床地质特征和地球化学特征,讨论了莫海拉亨铅锌矿床和东莫扎抓铅锌矿床形成的动力学背景。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地下石盒子组盒8段储集砂体发育控制因素及沉积模式研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

田景春  吴琦  王峰  林小兵  张锦泉  曹桐生 《岩石学报》2011,27(8):2403-2412

以鄂尔多斯盆地二叠系下石盒子组盒8段储集砂体为研究对象,在众多前人研究成果的基础上,综合研究了盆地内下石盒子组盒8段沉积演化过程中储集砂体发育特征,主要表现为:岩石类型多样,包括含砾粗砂岩、中粒砂岩、细粒砂岩等;成因复杂:包括冲积扇砂体、河流砂体、辫状河三角洲砂体等;分布广泛:具有广覆式大面积分布特征。在上述基础上,系统深入分析了控制盒8大面积砂体分布的关键因素,主要包括:强物源、多物源供给是基础,多水系发育是前提,平缓古地貌是背景,高流速河流是动力。其中,强物源、多物源不仅为盆地内提供了丰富碎屑物质,而且控制着盆地内不同区域储集砂体的岩性特征;多水系发育为形成大面积砂体分布提供了条件,发源于物源区向盆地内搬运陆源碎屑物质的六条水浅流急的辫状河道在盆地中部汇合交叉控制着单层砂体厚度及其连片性。平缓古地貌控制着多河道发育和长距离搬运过程中河道摆动、迁移频繁,并相互叠置交叉。高流速河流控制着平缓古地形上发育的多河道不断交叉、复合。并定量计算了盒8段储集砂体沉积时的地形古坡度,平均坡降为1.10m·km^-1,平均坡度为0.063°;古河流水体平均流速为8.31m·s^-1。进而,结合盆地内钻井实际建立了下石盒子组盒8段独具特色的"强物源供给的缓坡浅水辫状河三角洲沉积模式"。  相似文献   

四川盆地东部地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩储层特征   总被引：51，自引：1，他引：50  

刘树根  马文辛  黄文明  曾祥亮  张长俊 《岩石学报》2011,27(8):2239-2252

四川盆地是中国西南部重要的含油气盆地,在东部和南部地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩广泛发育。在川东南、鄂西渝东地区的勘探井中志留系具有良好的气显示。研究区龙马溪组厚65~516m,底部为一套海侵沉积的富含笔石的黑色页岩,龙马溪组向上和向东砂质和钙质含量增加,演变为浅水陆棚沉积。龙马溪组主要由层状-非层状泥/页岩、白云质粉砂岩、层状钙质泥/页岩、泥质粉砂岩、层状-非层状粉砂质泥/页岩、粉-细粒砂岩、钙质结核、富含有机质非层状页岩8种岩相组成。总有机碳含量(TOC)为0.2%~6.7%。有机质以II型干酪根为主,Ro为2.4%~3.6%。页岩中石英矿物含量在2%~93%,主要呈纹层状或分散状分布,主要为陆源碎屑外源成因。龙马溪组页岩岩心孔隙度为0.58%~0.67%,渗透率为0.01×10^-3μm²~0.93×10^-3μm²。扫描电镜下龙马溪组页岩微孔隙度为2%左右,主要包括晶间孔和粒内孔,孔隙直径为100nm~50μm。页岩储层的形成机理主要为有利矿物组合、成岩作用和有机质热裂解作用。龙马溪组与美国Barnett页岩具有一定差异,主要表现在龙马溪组页岩埋藏较深、热演化程度较高、含气量较低、储层较致密、以陆源成因石英为主。对于评价下志留统龙马溪组页岩气勘探前景而言,今后须重点加强针对龙马溪组底部黑色硅质岩系石英成因、成熟度、埋藏史、含气量等方面的研究,以及进行详细的古地貌和古环境恢复。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组白云岩地球化学特征及白云岩化机制分析   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

苏中堂  陈洪德  徐粉燕  魏柳斌  李洁 《岩石学报》2011,27(8):2230-2238

由岩石学和地球化学研究表明:马家沟组白云岩主要为泥微晶白云岩和晶粒白云岩两种。泥微晶白云岩常与石膏或岩盐伴生,阴极发光呈中等橘红色光,有序度低,具较高的Sr、Na含量,与泥晶灰岩具相似的δ¹³C分布区间及稀土元素配分模式,Sr同位素值接近同期海水,包裹体均一温度近于地表温度,表明白云岩化流体为与海水密切相关的高盐度流体,为准同生白云岩化,可用蒸发泵模式解释其成因。晶粒白云岩伴生矿物少,偶见黄铁矿,晶体结构多曲面他形,阴极发光为中-弱橘红色光,有序度高,Sr含量较低,Na、Mn含量与泥微晶白云岩相近,稀土元素配分模式与泥微晶白云岩相似且与泥微晶灰岩相近,δ¹³C分布区间与泥微晶灰岩趋于一致,包裹体均一温度较高,说明晶粒白云岩与泥微晶白云岩具相似的白云岩化流体,该种白云岩为埋藏白云岩化,上覆沉积物不断压实封存卤水使其侧向流动为白云岩化提供了源源不断的Mg离子。  相似文献   

油气勘探新领域:火山岩油气藏——松辽盆地大型火山岩气田发现的启示   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

冯志强  刘嘉  王璞琚  陈树民  冯子辉  童英 《地球物理学报》2011,54(2):269-279

通过观念转变和理论与技术创新,大庆油田在松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层火山岩天然气勘探获得重大突破,使火山岩由原来的油气勘探"禁区"变为"靶区".从而带动了全国的火山岩油气勘探,促使国内油气储量的不断增长.研究表明,各类火山岩均有可能成为良好的储层.与沉积岩相比,火山岩在盆地深层具有体积大、储层物性受埋深影响小、孔渗条件好等...  相似文献